A case is presented of a patient attending with a sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) accident of the left maxillary sinus during endodontic retreatment of a maxillary molar tooth. Sodium hypochlorite accidents are relatively uncommon but when they occur there is potential for severe complications. A literature review has been carried out reviewing current recommendations to reduce the likelihood of a sodium hypochlorite accident and the management of a sodium hypochlorite accident if occurs.

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Background: The purpose of this study was to compare the clinical performance of Class II direct and indirect composite restorations according to the United States Public Health Service criteria (USPHS). Materials and Methods: Seventy patients were included and four different composite resins, P60 (FP), SureFil Posterior (SP), Gradia Posterior (GP), and Bisco Aelite LS Packable (BAP) were used as direct restorative material. All of the composite resins except BAP were used as indirect restorative material. Instead of BAP, Tescera Laboratory composites were polymerized in Tescera inlay oven. All restorations were evaluated according to USPHS criteria during a one-year period. Results: There were no statistically significant differences between direct and indirect composite restorations according to the retention, marginal discoloration, surface staining, proximal contact continuity, and secondary caries. Indirect restorations have less surface roughness, postoperative sensitivity (P < 0.05), and soft tissue irritation (P < 0.1) than direct ones. Conclusion: The clinical performances of the indirect restorations were more satisfactory than the direct restorations.

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Traumatic injuries cause different kinds of damage to dental and periodontal tissues. The treatment approach varies according to the type and degree of injury. Periodontal injuries in which loosening or loss of attachment is present require immediate fixation of the tooth. In this kind of injury, root canal treatment is indicated when the signs of pulp necrosis such as spontaneous pain, pain to percussion, periradicular pathosis, inflammatory root resorptions and discoloration are present. In cases of coronal fractures, the treatment strategy differs according to the status of pulp tissue. If the fracture line is limited in enamel or dentin, restoration of the missing tissues can be achieved with composite resin. However, involvement of pulp may require direct pulp capping, pulpotomy or pulpectomy. The treatment process for three subluxated and four crown fractured teeth requiring a follow up over 8 months is presented in this case report.

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Aim: To evaluate color changes of teeth after immersion in tea and cola following the application of two in-office bleaching products. Materials and Methods: A total of 60 specimens were obtained from 60 extracted sound human maxillary central teeth. The specimens were randomly divided into three groups (n = 20). Group A was the control group (no bleaching). In Group B, the specimens were bleached with Opalescence Xtra Boost (Ultradent), and in Group C, they were bleached with Smartbleach (High Tech Laser). These groups were then divided into two subgroups (n = 10 in each) according to the colorant solution used: tea and cola. Each bleaching agent was applied to the specimens according to the manufacturer's recommendations. After bleaching, the first color of the specimens was determined with a spectrophotometer according to the CIELAB color system (∆E). Following immersion in the staining solutions, the color was determined after 15 min, 6 h (second day), and 36 h (sixth day), and the color change values were calculated. The results were analyzed statistically by two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's honest significant difference (HSD) test (P < 0.05). Results: The bleached specimens showed more staining than the unbleached specimens (control group). In all the groups, the staining was more severe in the cola solutions than in the tea solutions. There were no statistically differences in staining of the teeth in the control group (P > 0.05). In the specimens bleached with Smartbleach, staining in cola solution was greater than tea solution and this difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Conclusions: The staining of the bleached specimens was similar in the tea and cola solutions. The bleached specimens showed more staining than the unbleached specimens. The staining of the specimens in the tea and cola increased at all the time intervals evaluated.

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Objectives: The objective of this study was to evaluate and compare the polymerization shrinkage of six proprietary pit and fissure sealants (Helioseal F, Fissurit FX, Smartseal & loc F, Dyract Seal, Clinpro ^TM Sealant, Teethmate F-1). Materials and Methods: A total of 120 glass ring molds (8.5 mm in inner diameter and 2 mm in height) were prepared after which the internal surface of the molds were etched with hydrofluoric acid for 5 min. The test materials (n = 20/group) were placed into the molds and thereafter sandwiched between two glass slides. All groups were polymerized for 20 s using a high-intensity quartz tungsten halogen (HQTH) light unit (Optilux 501). The volumetric polymerization shrinkage for each pits and fissure sealant was measured using the specific density method modified by Puckett and Smith. All data were analyzed statistically using one-way analysis of variance and Tukey honest significant difference (HSD) test at P < 0.05. Results: A ranking for the shrinkage values were obtained as follows: Teethmate F-1 (7.40 ± 1.17%) > Clinpro ^TM Sealant (6.60 ± 1.54%) > Dyract Seal (5.38 ± 1.30%) > Smartseal & loc F (5.06 ± 1.22%) > Fissurit FX (4.30 ± 1.15%) > Helioseal F (3.30 ± 0.69%). Clinpro ^TM Sealant and Teethmate F-1 displayed the highest shrinkage values (P < 0.05). The lowest shrinkage values were obtained with Helioseal F (3.30 ± 0.69%) and Fissurit FX (4.30 ± 1.15%) (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Within the experimental conditions of the present study, sealant materials containing higher concentrations of fillers displayed lower polymerization shrinkage values.

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Coronal fractures of permanent dentition are the most frequent type of dental injury. Reattachment of the fractured anterior tooth, if the tooth fragment is available, is highly conservative and provides good esthetics as the (because the tooth's original anatomic form, color, and surface texture are maintained) esthetic treatment has gained popularity in the recent past. It also restores function, provides a positive psychological response, and is a relatively simple procedure. This article reports on two coronal tooth fracture cases that were successfully treated using tooth fragment reattachment.

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Introduction: Whiter or brighter smile, which is a cornerstone of a beautiful esthetic smile, can be achieved by bleaching. The public concern about appearance has been partly responsible for increased awareness in esthetic dentistry and consequently bleaching techniques. Bleaching solutions have been reported to cause alterations and loss of mineral content in surface enamel after bleaching. These irregularities in enamel surface could result in more susceptibility to re-pigmentation, thereby adversely affecting the whitening treatment. Aim: To evaluate the susceptibility of teeth to re-pigmentation using two different bleaching materials, i.e. 35% hydrogen peroxide (H ₂ O ₂ ) and 16% carbamide peroxide. Subjects and Methods : In this study, 30 extracted teeth were divided in three groups. Group I was bleached with 35% H ₂ O ₂ , Group II with 16% carbamide peroxide, and Group III was used as control. They were then stained with silver nitrate stain to evaluate their susceptibility to pigmentation after bleaching. The shade of each tooth was recorded before bleaching, after bleaching, and after pigmentation using a Vita shade guide. Results: Results showed that after staining with silver nitrate, the teeth in all groups became darker but the amount of change in the shade value of the samples was different for the two groups. The change of shade was greater for Group I as compared to Group II after pigmentation. This change in shade between Groups I and II was found to be statistically significant using one-way ANNOVA test (P < 0.05). Conclusions : Thus, we concluded that susceptibility to pigmentation increases after bleaching. Furthermore, pigmentation is greater when H ₂ O ₂ is used for bleaching.

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